Chapter 5 – Games and Sports

Q1. Define Track Events.

Ans – Track events are running events conducted on a track for specified distances. These include sprints, middle-distance races, long-distance races, relay races, and hurdle races.

Q2. Define Field Events.

Ans – Field events are events that are participated in by men and women outside the track. These include jumping events (Long Jump, Triple Jump, High Jump, and Pole Vault) and throwing events (Shot Put, Discus Throw, Javelin Throw, and Hammer Throw).

Q3. There are _________ events in Decathlon. Most Important

Ans – 10

Q4. There are _________ events in Heptathlon.

Ans – 7

Q5. Who initiated modern Olympic games?

Ans – Pierre de Coubertin

Q6. Write a detailed note on Modern Olympic Games.

Ans – The modern Olympic Games started in 1896 in Athens, Greece. They were initiated by Pierre de Coubertin. These games are held once every four years, with athletes from around the world participating in various sports. The modern Olympics serve as an important platform to promote world peace and friendship. The Games include both Summer and Winter sports.

Q7. Write full form of WAF.

Ans – The World Athletics Federations (WAF)

Q8. How many types of races are there? Most Important

Ans – Races are mainly of three types: sprint (short-distance race), middle-distance race, and long-distance race.

Q9. Write full form of IAAF.

Ans – International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF)

Q10. What are the main track rules? Explain in detail.

Ans – Key rules of track events relate to three phases — starting, running and finishing.

Starting

The start of a race is marked 5 cm wide by a white line. In all races, that are not run in lanes, the start line must be curved, so that all the athletes run the same distance upto the finish.
Starting blocks shall be used for all races up to and including 400 meter (including the first lap of the 4×100 and 4×400) and shall not be used for any other race. No part of the starting block overlaps the start line or extend into another lane.
In most international competitions, the command of the starter is “on your marks” and “set” for crouch start and “on your mark” for standing start.
Any sprinter with a false start is considered disqualified.
Athletes are not permitted to run inside the inner curve of the track. They have to run in their designated lanes only.

Running

In all races that are run in lanes, athletes have keep themselves their allocated lanes from start to finish. This also applies to any portion of a race run in lanes.
If an athlete leaves the track or steps on the line demarking the track, this will be considered disqualified.
An athlete, after voluntarily leaving the track shall not be allowed to continue in race.
Any athlete found intentionally obstructing the path of another runner is also disqualified from the race.
There are races that start in lanes and then at a “break line”, the competitors merge. Examples of this are the 800 meters and 4×400 relay race.

Finishing

The finish of a race is marked by a white line 5 cm wide. Competitors are placed in the order in which any part of their torso (as distinguished from the head, neck, arms, legs, hands or feet) reaches the vertical plane of the nearer edge of the finish line.
The measurement of time shall be taken from the flash or the smoke of the gun to the finishing touch, which shall be recorded in 1/100th of a second if taken manually. Fully automatic timing (FAT) is required for high level meets.

Q11. Write down the names of jumping and throwing events in Athletics. Most Important

Ans – Jumping Events:

High Jump
Long Jump
Triple Jump
Pole Vault

Throwing Events:

Javelin Throw
Discus Throw
Shot Put
Hammer Throw

Q12. Bobby Jorge is associated to which game?

Ans – Long Jump

Q13. Under sports, which major actions takes place ?

Ans – Running (Athletics), Jumping (High Jump, Long Jump), Throwing (Javelin Throw, Shot Put)

Q14. In which races the staggers are used?

Ans – 400 meters, 200 meters, and Relay Race (4×400 meters)

Q15. How many players take part in Relay Race?

Ans – 4

Q16. What is the weight of Shot put ball for men and women.

Ans – For male athletes, the metal ball weights 7.26 kg and for female athletes the weight is 4 kg.

Q17. Write a short note on long jump.

Ans – The Long Jump is one of the oldest field events. The take-off is made from a 20 cm wide board placed one metre away from a sand pit. Athletes sprint along the runway and jump from the take-off board into the sand pit. If any part of the athlete’s foot crosses the take-off board, it is considered a foul and no score is awarded for that attempt. The distance is measured from the end of the take-off board to the nearest mark made in the sand. The best eight competitors are allowed a maximum of six attempts. Successful long jumpers require strong acceleration, sprinting ability, and a consistent stride to take off near the board while maintaining maximum speed.

Q18. Write a short note on pole vault.

Ans – Pole Vault is a field event in which the athlete sprints down the runway carrying a fiberglass or carbon fiber pole and plants it into the vaulting box. Using the pole, the athlete lifts the body over a crossbar and lands safely on a mattress. During the event, athletes are not allowed to move their hands along the pole. They clear the bar with their feet first so that the stomach faces the bar. Like the high jump, touching the bar is allowed as long as it does not fall. The round-by-round scoring rules are the same as those for the high jump.

Q19. Write four major throwing events.

Ans – There are four major throwing events: Shot Put (putting the shot), Discus, Javelin and Hammer Throw.

Q20. Write a short note on Javelin throw.

Ans – Javelin Throw is a field event in which the athlete throws a spear-like implement called a javelin for maximum distance. The official javelin for women is 2.2–2.3 metres long and weighs 600 grams, while the men’s javelin is 2.6–2.7 metres long and weighs 800 grams. The athlete must hold the javelin by its grip and throw it overhand without turning the back towards the target. The athlete runs along a runway to gain momentum and must release the javelin before crossing the throwing line. To avoid a foul, the athlete must maintain balance and leave the runway from behind the extended lines of the throwing arc.

Q21. Write down ten major and minor games.

Ans – Major games: Cricket, Football, Hockey, Basketball, Tennis, Volleyball

Minor games: Carrom, Badminton, Table Tennis, Kabaddi, Kho-kho

Q22. What are track and field events? Which of these also belong to the category of team sports?

Ans – Track and field events are athletics events that include running (track events) and jumping and throwing (field events). Track events include sprints, middle-distance, long-distance, relays and hurdles, while field events include long jump, triple jump, high jump, pole vault, shot put, discus throw, javelin throw and hammer throw. Among these, relay races (4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m) belong to the category of team sports.

Q23. What are the main track rules?

Ans – The main rules of track events are:

The start of the race is marked by a 5 cm wide white line.
Starting blocks are used for races up to and including 400 m.
Athletes must start only after the starter’s commands.
A false start results in disqualification.
Athletes must remain in their allotted lanes in lane races.
Leaving the track or obstructing another runner leads to disqualification.
The finish is judged by the torso crossing the finish line first.
Timing is recorded from the starter’s gun to the finish.

Q24. Describe the major rules that are observed in long jump.

Ans –

The take-off is made from a 20 cm wide board placed one metre before the sand pit.
If any part of the foot crosses the take-off board, it is a foul.
The distance is measured from the take-off board to the nearest mark made in the sand.
The best eight competitors are allowed a maximum of six attempts.

Q25. Describe the special features of triple jump and high jump.

Ans –

Triple Jump

It is known as the Hop-Step-Jump event.
The athlete performs a hop, then a step, and finally a jump into the sand pit.
The scoring is the same as in the long jump.

High Jump

Athletes combine speed with jumping technique to clear a horizontal bar.
They land on a cushioned landing area.
Each athlete gets a maximum of three trials at each height.
Three consecutive failures eliminate the competitor.
The modern technique is called the Fosbury Flop.

Q26. Discuss the specific rules for shot put and discus throw.

Ans –

Shot Put

The shot must be put from the shoulder using one hand only.
The athlete must remain inside the 2.135 m circle until the shot lands.
The shot must not be taken behind the shoulder.

Discus Throw

The athlete throws from inside a 2.5 m diameter circle.
The athlete must stay inside the circle until the discus lands.
The athlete must leave the circle from the rear half after the throw.
Leaving incorrectly makes the throw a foul.

Q27. How is high jump executed?

Ans – The athlete approaches the bar with speed, takes off from one foot, clears the horizontal bar without knocking it down and lands safely on a cushioned landing area. Each athlete is allowed three attempts at each height, and the modern technique used is the Fosbury Flop.

Q28. Describe various relay races.

Ans – Relay races are team events in which runners pass a baton within a 20 m exchange zone. The common relay races are:

4 × 100 m Relay
4 × 400 m Relay
4 × 400 m Mixed Relay

In the 4 × 100 m relay, all runners remain in their lanes, while in the 4 × 400 m relay runners may move to the inner lane after the first bend.

Q29. In which events does the athlete take standing position to start the race?

Ans – Athletes take a standing start in middle-distance races (800 m and 1500 m).

Q30. How do these track and field events help an individual’s performance?

Ans – Track and field events help in developing speed, endurance, strength, agility, balance, coordination, flexibility and jumping and throwing skills. They also improve discipline, confidence, physical fitness and overall athletic performance. This is consistent with the chapter’s emphasis on the different physical abilities required for running, jumping and throwing events.

Q31. The standard track is of _________________ meter.

Ans – 400 meter

Q32. The hurdles event common for men and women is _________________.

Ans – 400 meter hurdle

Q33. The Diameter of discus circle is _________________.

Ans – 3.5 meter

Q34. The baton exchange area in relay event is _________________ meter.

Ans – 20

Q35. How many players are there in volleyball.

Ans – 12 Players (6 playing and 6 substitutes)

Q36. Write a notes on Invention of Volleyball.

Ans – The game of Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan in the year 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts by YMCA (USA). It was invented as a recreational game.

Q37. What is the height on Net for men and women.

Ans – The net is 2.43 meter high for men and 2.24 meter high for women.

Q38. Write a short note on Net of Volleyball.

Ans – The net is 2.43 mt high for men and 2.24 mt high for women. It is doubled vertically over the center line. It is 1 m wide and 9.5-10 m long end is 10 cm more bleak mesh. The antenna is a flexible rod 1.8 m long and 10 mm. in diameter centered fixed an side line near pole. The top on antenna extends 80 cm above the net. The 2.55 m high posts are placed 0.5 m – 1.0 m out side the side line.

Q39. Name any one Arjun Award Player of Volleyball.

Ans – Nripjit Singh (1962), G.M. Reddy (1973), K. Udaya Kumar (1991), Amir Singh (2001), Tom Joseph (2014)

Q40. What are the advantages of playing volleyball?

Ans – Playing volleyball provides many physical and mental benefits. It improves physical fitness, agility, speed, coordination, balance, anticipation, movement skills and teamwork. It also develops the basic skills of sending and receiving the ball over the net and enhances cooperation among players.

Q41. Explain any one technique of volleyball.

Ans – (Smash Technique)

The smash is an important attacking technique in volleyball. The player should:

Run and approach according to the height, distance and speed of the ball.
Swing the arm back and jump off both feet.
Hit the ball between the head and the hitting shoulder with an outstretched arm.
Land in a balanced position on both feet and flex the knees to avoid injury.

Q42. How can you improve your performance in the game of volleyball?

Ans – Performance in volleyball can be improved by:

Practising overhead and underhand passing regularly.
Keeping the ball in the air through continuous practice.
Practising striking the ball against a wall.
Improving smash and blocking techniques.
Playing simple games that combine serving, overhead passing and underhand passing.
Improving movement, anticipation and teamwork through regular practice.

Q43. Explain the Block Technique of Volleyball.

Ans – The block is the first line of defence against the smash. It may be performed by one, two or three front-row players who jump at the net. The correct blocking technique is as follows:

Stand in a balanced position about half a metre from the net with the feet shoulder-width apart.
Watch the opponent’s attack carefully and move quickly to the expected position.
Use side steps or cross steps to move along the net.
Coordinate the jump with the attacker’s jump and raise both hands above the net to block the smash.
Practise the blocking action by jumping with vigorous knee extension and controlled arm movement, ensuring both hands reach above the mark simultaneously.

Q44. The first game of volleyball was played in _____________

Ans – 1895

Q45. Volleyball is a fast game played by two teams of _____________ players each.

Ans – 6

Q46. When the rally continues, each team is allowed upto _____________ consecutive touches.

Ans – three

Q47. Write a short note on Kho-Kho.

Ans – Kho-Kho is one of the most popular traditional team sports in India. It is the simplest form of chasing and touching a person. It is an inexpensive and enjoyable sport that demands physical fitness and a variety of skills. Dodging, feigning and bursts of controlled speed make the game exciting. The main skill of Kho-Kho is to catch the opponent by pursuit rather than just running. The game is played on a rectangular court in two innings between two teams. One team acts as the chasers while the other acts as the runners. The chasers try to touch the runners and put them out. Each team gets two turns of 9 minutes each for chasing and defending during a match.

Q48. Write a short note on the early history of Kho-Kho.

Ans – In ancient times, a version of Kho-Kho was played on ‘raths’ or chariots in Maharashtra and was known as Rathera. The rules of Kho-Kho were first framed in the early 1900s.

Q49. Describe the role of Puna Gymkhana in the development of Kho-Kho.

Ans – A committee was formed at Puna Gymkhana in 1914 to frame the rules of Kho-Kho. The first book of Kho-Kho rules was later published from Baroda Gymkhana in 1924, helping to standardise the game.

Q50. Why is the year 1936 considered important in the history of Kho-Kho?

Ans – The year 1936 is considered significant because Kho-Kho was exhibited during the Berlin Olympic Games. The Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal of Amravati gave the demonstration, bringing international recognition to the game.

Q51. Explain the contribution of Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal to Kho-Kho.

Ans – The Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal of Amravati demonstrated Kho-Kho during the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. This exhibition helped popularise the game at the international level.

Q52. When and where was the first All India Kho-Kho Championship organised?

Ans – The first All India Kho-Kho Championship was organised at Vijayawada in 1959–60 under the auspices of the Kho-Kho Federation of India.

Q53. Mention the important developments in Kho-Kho between 1969 and 1974.

Ans – In 1969–70, junior age group competitions were organised in Hyderabad. In 1974, women’s junior group competitions were held at Dewas, and sub-junior competitions for boys under 14 and girls under 12 were also started.

Q54. Write a short note on the Bharat Award and Veer Bala Award.

Ans – In the Kho-Kho tournament, the best sub-junior boys were honoured with the Bharat Award, while the best sub-junior girls received the Veer Bala Award.

Q55. What was the significance of the formation of the Asian Kho-Kho Federation?

Ans – The Asian Kho-Kho Federation was established in 1987 with three member countries. Its formation helped promote and develop Kho-Kho at the Asian level.

Q56. How did the South Asian Games contribute to the promotion of Kho-Kho?

Ans – A Kho-Kho demonstration was held during the 1987 South Asian Games. Later, the Indian Olympic Association included Kho-Kho as a discipline in the 2013 South Asian Games held in New Delhi, promoting the game further.

Q57. Describe the growth of Kho-Kho from its traditional form to an international sport.

Ans – Kho-Kho originated in ancient Maharashtra as Rathera. Its rules were framed in the early 1900s, and the first rule book was published in 1924. The game gained international recognition through its exhibition at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games, national championships began in 1959–60, and later it expanded through junior competitions, the Asian Kho-Kho Federation (1987), and its inclusion in the 2013 South Asian Games.

Q58. Write the dimensions of Kho-Kho playground.

Ans – A Kho-Kho playground (or pitch) is rectangular. It is 27 meters in length and 16 meters in width. There are two rectangles at the end. One side of the rectangle is 16 meters and the other side is 1.50 meters. In the middle of these two rectangles, there are two wooden poles. The central lane is 24 m long and covers an area of 35 cm × 30 cm. There are eight cross lanes which lie across the small squares from pole to pole and right angles to the central lane is divided equally into two parts of 7.85 m each by the central lane. At the end of the central lane, two poles are fixed. These are 120 to 125 cm above the ground and their circumference is not less than 30 cm and not more than 40 cm. These poles are made of wood which are smooth all over. The poles are fixed firmly in the free zone tangent to the pole-line.

Q59. What are the rules of Kho-kho game.

Ans –

The team consists of 12 players, but only 9 players take the field for a contest.
A match consists of two innings. An inning consists of chasing and running turns of 9 minutes each.
Then, one team sits in the middle of the court, in a row, with adjacent members facing opposite directions.
The chasers can only run in one direction and cannot cut across the sitters unlike the dodgers who can run randomly and in between the sitters.
They have to run round the entire row to reach the other side.
The other option is to pass the chasing job to another sitter whose back is facing the chaser as the chaser is running.
In this option, the chaser touches the sitter he wants, usually nearest to the target and shouts “kho” to signify the change of guard.
The objective is to tag all the opponents in the shortest time possible.
The team that takes the shortest time to tag maximum number of opponents in the field wins

Q60. In Kho-Kho, one team becomes the _____________ and the other the _____________ or runners.

Ans – Chaser, runner

Q61. Many historians say that Kho-Kho is actually a modified form of ‘ _____________ ’.

Ans – Rahera

Q62. The first ever book of Kho-Kho rules was published from Gymkhana Baroda, in _____________ .

Ans – 1924

Q63. The year 1936 got the golden opportunity for the game of Kho Kho when _____________ featured an exhibition of Kho-Kho in the main stadium.

Ans – Berlin Olympic Games

Q64. The first ever All India Kho-Kho Championships were organised at _____________ in 1959-60 under the auspices of _____________ of India.

Ans – Vijayawada

Q65. The Indian Olympic Association has included kho-kho as a discipline in the next _____________ Games to be held in New Delhi in _____________.

Ans – 2013

Q66. How many players are in Volleyball game?

Ans – 6

MCQ Section

What is a group of 10 athletic events called?

(a) Decathlon (b) Heptathlon

Ans – (a) Decathlon

When and where were the first modern Olympic games organised?

(a) 1896 Seoul (b) 1896 Athens

Ans – (b) 1896 Athens

‘Pole dive’ is related to which game/sports ?

(a) Kabaddi (b) Gymnastic

Ans – (d) Kho Kho

Track events are mainly conducted:

(A) In a swimming pool

(B) On a track

(D) On a playground

Ans – (B) On a track

Which of the following is NOT a field event?

(A) Long Jump (B) Pole Vault

Ans – (C) 100 m Sprint

How many events are included in a Decathlon?

(A) 7 (B) 8

Ans – (C) 10

Heptathlon consists of:

(A) 5 events (B) 6 events

Ans – (C) 7

Who initiated the Modern Olympic Games?

(A) William G. Morgan

(B) Pierre de Coubertin

(D) Carl Lewis

Ans – (B) Pierre de Coubertin

The first Modern Olympic Games were held in:

(A) Paris (B) Athens

Ans – (B) Athens

WAF stands for:

(A) World Athletics Federation

(B) World Athletics Federations

(D) World Association of Football

Ans – (B) World Athletics Federations

Which race uses starting blocks?

(A) 800 m (B) 1500 m

Ans – (C) 400 m

A false start in sprint races results in:

(A) Warning (B) Restart

Ans – (C) Disqualification

Which part of the body determines the finishing position in a race?

(A) Head (B) Arm

Ans – (C) Torso

Which event uses a take-off board and a sand pit?

(A) High Jump (B) Pole Vault

Ans – (C) Long Jump

The official shot put weight for men is:

(A) 5 kg (B) 6 kg

Ans – (C) 7.26 kg

The standard athletics track measures:

(A) 200 m (B) 300 m

Ans – (C) 400 m

The baton exchange zone in relay races is:

(A) 10 m (B) 15 m

Ans – (C) 20 m

Volleyball was invented by:

(A) James Naismith

(B) Pierre de Coubertin

(D) Bobby George

Ans – (C) William G. Morgan

A volleyball team has _____ players on the court.

(A) 5 (B) 6

Ans – (B) 6

During a rally, a volleyball team is allowed a maximum of:

(A) 2 touches (B) 3 touches

Ans – (B) 3 touches

The first All India Kho-Kho Championship was organised at:

(A) Hyderabad (B) Baroda

Ans – (C) Vijayawada

In Kho-Kho, only _____ players take the field from each team.

(A) 7 (B) 8

Ans – (C) 9

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Chapter 5 – Games and Sports

MCQ Section

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